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    • 专利摘要:
    SMOKING ITEM UNDERSTANDING A FUEL HEAT SOURCE WITH A REAR BARRIER COATING. The present invention relates to a smoking article (2) comprising a fuel heat source (4) with opposite front and rear faces and at least one airflow channel (16) extending from the face front to the rear face of the fuel heat source (4) and an aerosol forming substrate (6) comprising at least one aerosol former downstream of the fuel heat source (4). A first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating (14) is provided substantially over the entire rear face of the fuel heat source (4).
    公开号:BR112014009377B1
    申请号:R112014009377-6
    申请日:2012-11-14
    公开日:2020-12-08
    发明作者:Steffen Stolz；Yvan Degoumois；Frederic Lavanchy
    申请人:Philip Morris Products S.A；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The present invention relates to a smoking article comprising a fuel heat source and an aerosol forming substrate comprising at least one aerosol former, wherein the substrate is downstream of the fuel heat source for use in such a smoking article and a method of reducing the formation of certain harmful smoke constituents during the combustion of a fuel heat source in a smoking article.
    [002] A number of smoking articles in which tobacco is heated instead of combustion is proposed in the art. The purpose of such smoking articles is to reduce the known harmful smoke constituents produced by the combustion and pyrolytic degradation of tobacco in conventional cigarettes. Typically, in such smoking articles, an aerosol is generated by transferring heat from an oxidizing fuel element or heat source to an aerosol-forming substrate, which can be located inside, around, or downstream of the fuel element. . During smoking, volatile compounds are released from the aerosol-forming substrate by transferring heat from the fuel element and introduced into the air extracted through the smoking article. As the released compounds cool, they condense to form an aerosol that is inhaled by the consumer.
    [003] For example, WO-A2-2009 / 022232 discloses a smoking article comprising a fuel heat source, an aerosol-forming substrate downstream of the fuel heat source, and a heat conducting element around and in contact with a rear portion of the fuel heat source and an adjacent front portion of the aerosol-forming substrate. In the smoking article of WO-A2-2009 / 022232, the surface of the aerosol-forming substrate is in direct contact with the fuel heat source.
    [004] A number of previous attempts have been made to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide produced during the combustion of carbonaceous heat sources for heatable smoking articles, such as using catalysts in the heat source to convert the carbon monoxide produced during combustion of the carbon dioxide heat source. Other prior art documents, such as US-A-5,040,551, disclose a method for reducing the amount of carbon monoxide produced in the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel element by coating some or all of the exposed surfaces of the carbonaceous fuel element with a thin microporous layer of solid particulate matter that is substantially non-combustible at temperatures at which the carbonaceous fuel will combust. According to US-A-5,040,551, the microporous layer must be sufficiently thin and therefore permeable to air, so as not to unduly prevent carbonaceous fuel from combustion. Similar to the smoking article of WO-A2- 2009/022232, the surface of the aerosol forming substrate in US-A-5,040,551 is in direct contact with the fuel heat source.
    [005] To facilitate aerosol formation, the aerosol deformation substrates of known heatable smoking articles typically comprise a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin or other known aerosol builders. During storage and smoking, aerosol builders can migrate from the aerosol-forming substrates of heatable smoking articles known to their fuel heat sources. This migration of aerosol builders can disadvantageously lead to their decomposition, particularly during the smoking of heatable smoking articles. A number of previous attempts have been made to inhibit the migration of aerosol builders from the aerosol forming substrates of heatable smoking articles to their fuel heat sources (for example, in US-A-4,714,082, EP-A2-0 337 507, EP-A2-0 337 508 and US-A-5,156,170). Generally, such attempts have involved smoking articles in which the aerosol-forming substrate is enveloped within a fuel-free capsule, such as a metal cage, to reduce migration of aerosol-forming agents from the aerosol-forming substrate to the source of fuel heat during storage and use, but where the fuel heat source is still allowed to come into direct contact with aerosol builders from the aerosol forming substrate during storage and use. Such prior art designs disadvantageously allow decomposition and combustion gases generated from the fuel heat source to be directly extracted into the main stream aerosol, make it difficult to use known machinery and methods to produce the smoking article, and can prevent the smoking article's ability to reach an appropriate temperature to provide satisfactory aerosol during the first few puffs by the consumer.
    [006] There remains a need for an improved heatable smoking article comprising a fuel heat source and an aerosol forming substrate comprising at least one aerosol former that can be assembled using known manufacturing equipment. There also remains a need for an improved heatable smoking article comprising a fuel heat source and an aerosol forming substrate comprising at least one aerosol former in which the migration of at least one aerosol former from the forming substrate of aerosol to the fuel heat source is substantially prevented or inhibited. In addition, there is still a need to reduce the level of harmful smoke constituents in the mainstream aerosol of a heatable smoking article, such as carbonyl compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and phenolics.
    [007] According to the invention, a smoking article is provided comprising: a fuel heat source with opposite front and rear faces and at least one airflow channel extending from the front face to the rear face of the fuel heat source, and an aerosol forming substrate comprising at least one aerosol former downstream of the fuel heat source. A first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating is provided substantially across the rear face of the fuel heat source, which allows gas to be extracted through at least one airflow channel.
    [008] There is also provided a smoking article according to the invention, wherein the first barrier coating has a thickness of at least about 10 microns
    [009] There is also provided a smoking article according to the invention, wherein the first barrier coating is substantially impermeable to air.
    [0010] A smoking article is also provided according to the invention, wherein the first barrier coating comprises clay, glass or alumina.
    [0011] A smoking article is also provided according to the invention, wherein the fuel heat source is a fuel heat source.
    [0012] A smoking article is also provided according to the invention, wherein the fuel heat source comprises an ignition aid.
    [0013] There is also provided a smoking article according to the invention, in which the ignition aid is an oxidizing agent.
    [0014] A smoking article according to the invention is further provided, in which a second gas-resistant, heat-resistant barrier coating is provided on the inner surface of at least one airflow channel.
    [0015] There is also provided a smoking article according to the invention, wherein the second barrier coating is substantially impermeable to air.
    [0016] A smoking article according to the invention is also provided, wherein the aerosol-forming substrate comprises material based on homogenized tobacco.
    [0017] A smoking article according to the invention is further provided, further comprising a heat conducting element around and in contact with a rear portion of the fuel heat source and an adjacent front portion of the aerosol forming substrate.
    [0018] A smoking article according to the invention is also provided, further comprising an expansion chamber downstream of the aerosol forming substrate.
    [0019] A smoking article is also provided according to the invention, further comprising a nozzle downstream of the expansion chamber.
    [0020] According to the invention there is also provided a fuel heat source with opposite front and rear faces for use in a smoking article according to the invention having a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas resistant barrier covering substantially provided across the back of it.
    [0021] According to the invention, a smoking article is provided to decrease the amount of carbon monoxide produced during the combustion of a fuel heat source in the smoking article.
    [0022] According to the invention, a smoking article is provided to decrease the amount of certain harmful smoke constituents, such as carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and phenolics, which are produced during the combustion of a heat source of fuel in the smoking article.
    [0023] According to the invention, a source of heating fuel is provided to decrease the amount of certain harmful smoke constituents, such as carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and phenolics, which are produced during the combustion of the source of fuel heat in a smoking article.
    [0024] According to the invention, a method is provided to reduce the formation of gas, selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, phenolics and mixtures thereof, which is generated in the upstream aerosol during combustion of a fuel heat source in a smoking article, comprising the step of forming a smoking article according to the invention.
    [0025] As used herein, the terms “upright” and “front”, and “downstream” and “rear” are used to describe the relative positions of components, or portions of components, of fuel and heat sources smoking articles according to the invention in relation to the direction of air extraction through the fuel heat sources and smoking articles while using them.
    [0026] As used in this document, the term "coating" is used to describe a layer of material that covers and is adhered to the heat source.
    [0027] As used herein, the term "nonmetallic" is used to describe a barrier coating that is not primarily formed from an elemental metal or alloy, which is a barrier coating having an elemental metal or alloy content less than 50 molar percent.
    [0028] As used in this document, the term non-fuel is used to describe a barrier coating that is substantially non-combustible at temperatures reached by the fuel heat source during combustion or ignition thereof.
    [0029] As used herein, "gas resistant" is used to describe a barrier coating that is at least substantially gas impermeable. Preferably, the first barrier coating is at least substantially impermeable to air.
    [0030] As used herein, the term "aerosol deformation substrate" is used to describe a substrate capable of releasing when heating volatile compounds, which can form an aerosol.
    [0031] The provision of a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating over substantially the entire rear face of the fuel heat source prevents or advantageously inhibits the migration of at least one aerosol former from the forming substrate of aerosol for the fuel heat source during storage and use of smoking articles according to the invention. The decomposition of at least one aerosol former during the use of smoking articles according to the invention is thus advantageously prevented or reduced.
    [0032] The provision of a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating over substantially the entire rear face of the fuel heat source can also advantageously limit or prevent the migration of other volatile components from the aerosol-forming substrate to from the aerosol-forming substrate to the fuel heat source during storage and during use of smoking articles according to the invention.
    [0033] The first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating provided on the rear face of the fuel heat source also advantageously prevents or inhibits the combustion and decomposition products formed during ignition and combustion of the fuel heat source to introduce the extracted air through the smoking article while using it. As described below, that is, particularly advantageous where the fuel heat source comprises one or more additives to aid in ignition or combustion of the fuel heat source or a combination thereof.
    [0034] The first non-metallic, gas-resistant, non-combustible barrier coating on the rear face of the fuel heat source also advantageously limits the temperature to which the aerosol-forming substrate is exposed during ignition or combustion of the heat source of fuel, and thus helps to prevent thermal degradation or combustion of the aerosol-forming substrate when using the smoking article. As described below, this is also particularly advantageous where the fuel heat source comprises one or more additives to assist in igniting the fuel heat source.
    [0035] Depending on the desired characteristics and performance of the smoking article, the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating may have a low or high thermal conductivity. In an example of the preferred embodiment, the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating can be formed of material having a mass thermal conductivity of between about 0.1 W per meter Kelvin (W / (m «K )) and about 200 W per meter Kelvin (W / (m «K)) at 23oC and a relative humidity of 50 percent as measured using the modified transient plane source (MTPS) method. In another example of the preferred embodiment, the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating can be formed of material having a mass thermal conductivity of between about 0.05 W per meter Kevin (W / (m «K )) and about 50 W per meter Kevin (W / (m «K)) at 23oC and a relative humidity of 50 percent as measured using the modified modified transient source method (MTPS).
    [0036] The thickness of the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating can be appropriately adjusted to achieve good smoking performance while preventing or minimizing one or both generation and admission of harmful volatile compounds from the smoking article. In an example of the preferred embodiment, the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating can have a thickness of between about 10 microns and about 500 microns.
    [0037] The first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating can be formed from one or more suitable materials that are substantially thermally stable and non-combustible at temperatures obtained by the fuel heat source during ignition and combustion. Suitable materials are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, clays (such as, for example, bentonite and kaolinite), glass and other minerals, ceramic materials or combinations of the same.
    [0038] Preferred coating materials from which the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating can be formed include clays and glass. Most preferably, the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating can be formed of alumina (Al2O3), resins and mineral glues.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating is a clay coating comprising a 50/50 mixture of bentonite and kaolinite. another preferred embodiment of the invention, the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating is a glass coating, more preferably a sintered glass coating.
    [0039] Preferably, the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas resistant barrier coating has a thickness of at least about 10 microns. Due to the light permeability of gas clays, in the modalities where the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating is a clay coating the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating has more preferably a thickness at least about 50 microns, and more preferably between about 50 microns and about 350 microns. In embodiments where the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating is formed from one or more materials that are more gas impermeable, the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating may be thinner, and it will generally preferably have a thickness of less than about 100 microns and more preferably about 20 microns. In embodiments where the first non-combustible, non-combustible, gas resistant barrier coating is a glass coating, the first non-combustible, non-combustible, gas resistant barrier coating preferably has a thickness below 200 microns. The thickness of the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating can be measured using a microscope, an electron scanning microscope (SEM) or any other measurement methods known in the art.
    [0040] The first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating can be applied to cover and adhere to substantially the entire rear face of the fuel heat source by any methods known in the art including, but not limited to, spray coating , vapor deposition, immersion, material transfer (for example, brushing or gluing), electrostatic deposition or any combination thereof.
    [0041] The first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating can, for example, be made by preforming a barrier in the appropriate size and shape of the rear face of the fuel heat source, and apply it to the rear face of the fuel heat source to cover and adhere to substantially the entire rear face of the fuel heat source. Alternatively, the first gas-resistant, non-combustible, non-metallic barrier coating can be formed, drilled or machined after being applied to the rear face of the fuel heat source.
    [0042] In a preferred embodiment, the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating is formed by applying a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the rear face of the fuel heat source. For example, the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating can be applied to substantially the entire rear face of the fuel heat source by dipping the rear face of the fuel heat source in solution or suspension of one or more coating materials or by brushing or spraying a solution or suspension or electrostatically depositing a powder or powder mixture of one or more suitable coating materials on the rear face of the fuel heat source. The rear face of the fuel heat source is preferably pre-treated with soluble glass before electrostatic deposition. More preferably, the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating is applied by spray coating.
    [0043] The first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating can be formed through a single application of a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the rear face of the fuel heat source. Alternatively, the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating can be formed by multiple applications of a solution or suspension of one or more coating materials appropriate to the rear face of the fuel heat source. For example, the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating can be formed by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or eight successive applications of a solution or suspension of one or more coating to the rear face of the fuel heat source.
    [0044] Preferably, the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating is formed through between one and ten applications of a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the rear face of the fuel heat source.
    [0045] After applying the solution or suspension of one or more coating materials to the rear face of the same, the fuel heat source can be dried to form the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating.
    [0046] Where the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating is formed through multiple applications of a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the rear face thereof, the fuel heat source may need be dried between successive applications of the solution or suspension.
    [0047] Alternatively, or, in addition to drying, after applying a solution or suspension of one or more coating materials to the rear face of the fuel heat source, the one or more coating materials in the fuel heat source can be sintered in order to form the first gas-resistant, non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating. Sintering of the first non-combustible, non-combustible, gas resistant barrier coating is particularly preferred where the barrier coating is a glass or ceramic coating.
    [0048] Preferably, the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas resistant barrier coating is sintered at a temperature of between about 500oC and about 900oC, and more preferably at about 700oC.
    [0049] Preferably, the fuel heat source is a carbonaceous heat source. As used herein, the term "carbonaceous" is used to describe a heat source comprising carbon.
    [0050] Preferably, the fuel heat source is a carbon-based heat source. As used herein, the term "carbon-based" is used to describe a heat source comprising primarily carbon, which is a heat source having a carbon content of at least 50 percent dry weight. Preferably, the combustible carbon-based heat sources according to the invention have a carbon content of at least about 60 weight percent dry, more preferably at least about 70 weight percent dry, more preferably at least about 80 percent dry weight.
    [0051] Carbonaceous fuel heat sources according to the invention may be formed from one or more materials containing appropriate carbon.
    [0052] If desired, one or more binders can be combined with one or more carbon-containing materials. Preferably, the one or more binders are organic binders. Suitable known organic binders include, but are not limited to, gums (for example, guar gum), modified celluloses and cellulose derivatives (for example, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose), flours, starches, sugars, vegetable oils and combinations thereof.
    [0053] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the fuel heat source is formed from a mixture of carbon powder, modified cellulose, flour and sugar.
    [0054] Instead of, or in addition to, one or more binders, the fuel heat sources according to the invention may comprise one or more additives in order to improve the properties of the fuel heat source. Suitable additives include, but are not limited to, additives to promote the consolidation of the fuel heat source (e.g., sintering aids), additives to promote ignition of the fuel heat source (e.g., oxidizers such as perchlorinated, chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates and / or zirconium), additives to promote combustion of the fuel heat source (for example, potassium and potassium salts, such as potassium citrate) and additives to promote the decomposition of one or more gases produced by combustion of the fuel heat source (eg catalysts, such as CuO, Fe2O3 and Al2O3).
    [0055] Such additives can be incorporated into the combustible heat source before or after the application of the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating to the rear surface thereof.
    [0056] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the fuel heat source is a cylindrical fuel heat source comprising carbon and at least one ignition aid, the cylindrical fuel heat source having an upstream end face and a heat face. opposite downstream end, in which at least part of the cylindrical fuel heat source between the upstream end face and the downstream end face is wrapped in a combustion resistant wrap and where when the end face a is ignited amount of the cylindrical fuel heat source the end face downstream of the fuel heat source increases in temperature to a first temperature and in which during the subsequent combustion of the cylindrical fuel heat source the end face downstream of the source of heat cylindrical fuel heat keeps a second temperature lower than the first temperature. As used herein, the term "ignition aid" is used to indicate a material that releases both energy and oxygen during ignition of the fuel heat source, where the rate of release of one or both of energy and oxygen by the material is not limited to the diffusion of ambient oxygen. In other words, the rate of release of one or both of energy and oxygen by the material during ignition of the fuel heat source is largely independent of the rate at which ambient oxygen can reach the material. As used in this document, the term “ignition aid” is also used to describe the elemental metal that releases energy during ignition of the fuel heat source, where the ignition temperature of the elemental metal is below about 500oC and the heat of combustion of the elemental metal is at least about 5 kJ / g.
    [0057] As used herein, the term "auxiliary deignition" does not include alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids (such as alkali metal citrate salts, alkali metal acetate salts and alkali metal succinate salts), salts of alkali metal halide (such as alkali metal chloride salts), alkali metal carbonate salts or alkali metal phosphate salts, which are believed to modify carbon combustion.
    [0058] In use, the release of one or both of energy and deoxygen by at least one ignition aid during the ignition of the fuel heat source results in an increase in the temperature of the fuel heat source when igniting it. This is reflected in an increase in the temperature of the fuel heat source. In use in a smoking article according to the invention, this advantageously ensures that sufficient heat is available to be transferred from the fuel heat source to the aerosol forming substrate of the smoking article and thus facilitates the production of a acceptable aerosol during its initial puffs.
    [0059] Examples of suitable oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to: nitrates such as, for example, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, sodium nitrate, barium nitrate, lithium nitrate, aluminum and iron nitrate; nitrites; other organic and inorganic nitro compounds; chlorates such as, for example, sodium chlorate and potassium chlorate; perchlorates such as, for example, sodium perchlorate; chlorites; bromates such as, for example, sodium bromate and potassium bromate; perbromates; bromites; borates such as, for example, sodium borate and potassium borate; ferrates such as, for example, barium ferrate; ferrites; manganates such as, for example, potassium manganate; permanganates such as, for example, potassium permanganate; organic peroxides such as, for example, benzoyl peroxide and acetone peroxide; inorganic peroxides such as, for example, hydrogen peroxide, strontium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide, barium peroxide, zinc peroxide and lithium peroxide; superoxides such as, for example, potassium superoxide and sodium superoxide; carbonates; iodates; periodates; iodides; sulfates; sulfites; other sulfoxides; phosphates; phospinates; phosphites; and phosphatites.
    [0060] While advantageously improving the ignition and combustion properties of the fuel heat source, the inclusion of ignition and combustion additives can give rise to undesirable decomposition and reaction products during use of the smoking article. For example, the decomposition of nitrates included in the fuel heat source to help ignite it can result in the formation of nitrogen oxides. The first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating provided on the rear face of the fuel heat source prevents or advantageously inhibits such decomposition and reaction products from introducing air extraction through the smoking article during use. .
    [0061] In addition, the inclusion of oxidants such as nitrates or other additives to aid ignition can result in the generation of hot gases and high temperatures in the fuel heat source during the ignition of the fuel heat source. Acting as a heat sink and barrier for hot gases, the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating provided on the rear face of the fuel heat source advantageously limits the temperature at which the aerosol-forming substrate is exposed, and thus helps to prevent thermal degradation or combustion of the aerosol-forming substrate during ignition of the fuel heat source.
    [0062] To form the carbonaceous heat sources of fuel according to the invention, one or more carbon-containing materials is preferably mixed with one or more binders and other additives, where included, and preformed in a desired form. The mixture of one or more carbon-containing materials, one or more binders and other additives can be preformed into a desired shape using any suitable known ceramic forming methods such as, for example, sliding casting, extrusion, molding with matrix injection and compaction. Preferably, the mixture is preformed into a desired shape by extrusion.
    [0063] Preferably, the mixture of one or more materials containing carbon, one or more binders and other additives is preformed on an elongated stem. However, it will be appreciated that the mixture of one or more carbon-containing materials, one or more binders, one or more binders and other additives can be preformed in other desired forms.
    [0064] After formation, the elongated rod or other desired shape is preferably dried to reduce its moisture content and then pyrolyzed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature sufficient to carbonize the one or more binders, where present, and substantially eliminate any volatiles in the elongated rod or other shape. Preferably, the elongated rod or other desired shape is pyrolysed in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature between about 700oC and about 900oC.
    [0065] In one embodiment, at least one metal nitrate salt is incorporated into the fuel heat source including at least one metal nitrate precursor in the mixture of one or more carbon-containing materials, one or more binders and other additives . The at least one metal nitrate precursor is then subsequently converted in-situ to at least one metal nitrate salt by treating the pyrolyzed preformed cylindrical rod or otherwise with an aqueous solution of nitric acid. In one embodiment, the fuel heat source comprises at least one metal nitrate salt having a thermal decomposition temperature of less than about 600 ° C, more preferably less than about e 400 ° C. Preferably, the at least one metal nitrate salt has a decomposition temperature of between about 150 ° C and about 600 ° C, more preferably between about 200 ° C and about 400 ° C.
    [0066] In the preferred embodiments of the invention, exposure of the fuel heat source to a yellow flame lighter or other ignition medium must cause at least one metal nitrate salt to decompose and release oxygen and energy. Decomposition causes an initial boost in the temperature of the fuel heat source and also assists in igniting the fuel heat source. After the decomposition of at least one metal nitrate salt, the fuel heat source preferably continues to combust at a lower temperature.
    [0067] The inclusion of at least one metal nitrate salt advantageously results in the ignition of the fuel heat source that is internally initiated, and not just at one point on its surface. Preferably, the at least one metal nitrate salt is distributed substantially homogeneously throughout the fuel heat source. Preferably, the at least one metal nitrate salt is present in the fuel heat source in an amount of between about 20 weight percent dry and about 50 weight percent dry fuel source.
    [0068] In another embodiment of the invention, the combustible heat source comprises at least one peroxide or superoxide that actively develops oxygen at a temperature of less than about 600oC, more preferably at a temperature of less than about 400oC.
    [0069] Preferably, the at least one peroxide or superoxide actively develops oxygen at a temperature of between about 150oC and about 600oC, more preferably at a temperature of between about 200oC and about 400oC, more preferably at a temperature of about 350oC.
    [0070] In use, exposure of the fuel heat source to a conventional yellow flame humidifier or other means of ignition must cause at least one peroxide or superoxide to decompose and release oxygen. This causes an initial boost in the temperature of the fuel heat source and also assists in igniting the fuel heat source. After decomposition of at least one peroxide or superoxide, the fuel heat source preferably continues to combust at a lower temperature.
    [0071] The inclusion of at least one peroxide or superoxide results advantageously in the ignition of the fuel heat source to be initiated internally, and not only at a point on its surface. Preferably, the at least one peroxide or superoxide is distributed substantially homogeneously throughout the fuel heat source.
    [0072] The fuel heat source preferably has a porosity of between about 20 percent and about 80 percent, more preferably between about 20 percent and 60 percent. Where the fuel heat source comprises at least one metal nitrate salt, this advantageously allows oxygen to diffuse into the mass of the fuel heat source at a rate sufficient to sustain combustion as the at least one metal nitrate salt decomposes and combustion proceeds. Even more preferably, the fuel heat source has a porosity of between about 50 percent and about 70 percent, more preferably between about 50 percent and about 60 percent as measured, for example, by mercury porosimetry or pycnometry. of helium. The required porosity can be readily obtained during the production of fuel heat sources according to the invention using conventional methods and technology.
    [0073] Advantageously, the carbonaceous combustible heat sources according to the invention have an apparent density of between about 0.6 g / cm3 and about 1 g / cm3.
    [0074] Preferably, the fuel heat source has a mass of between about 300 mg and about 500 mg, more preferably between about 400 mg and about 450 mg.
    [0075] Preferably, the fuel heat source has a length of between about 7 mm and about 17 mm, more preferably and between about 11 mm and about 15 mm, more preferably about 11 mm.
    [0076] As used in this document, the term "length" indicates the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the source of the heating fuel.
    [0077] Preferably, the fuel heat source has a diameter between about 5 m and about 9 mm, more preferably between about 7 mm and about 8 mm.
    [0078] Preferably, the source of combustible heat is of substantially uniform diameter. However, the fuel heat source can alternatively be tapered so that the diameter of the rear portion of the fuel heat source is greater than the diameter of the front position thereof. Particularly preferred are fuel heat sources that are substantially cylindrical. The fuel heat source may, for example, be a substantially circular cross-section tapered cylinder or cylinder or a substantially elliptical cross-section tapered cylinder or cylinder.
    [0079] The fuel heat source comprises at least one airflow channel, preferably passing through an internal portion of the fuel heat source and extending along the entire length of the fuel heat source. Alternatively, or in addition, the fuel heat source may comprise at least one airflow channel extending along the outer periphery of the fuel heat source. The fuel heat sources according to a preferred embodiment of the invention comprise one, two or three channels of air flow. More preferably, a single airflow channel is provided through the fuel heat sources according to the invention. In the particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, the fuel heat source comprises a single substantially central or axial airflow channel. The diameter of the single airflow channel is preferably between about 1.5 mm and about 3 mm. The first gas-resistant, non-combustible, non-metallic barrier coating, which covers substantially the entire rear face of the fuel heat source, allows the gas to be extracted through at least one of the air flow channel of the heat source of fuel from the end face upstream of the smoking article.
    [0080] The internal surface of at least one flow channel of the fuel heat source can be partially or fully coated with a second barrier coating. Preferably, the second barrier coating covers substantially the entire inner surface of all airflow channels of the fuel heat source.
    [0081] Preferably, the second barrier coating comprises a layer of solid particulate matter that is gas resistant. More preferably, the second barrier coating is substantially impermeable to air. Advantageously, the second gas-resistant barrier coating is of low thermal conductivity.
    [0082] The second barrier coating may be formed of one or more suitable materials that are substantially thermally stable and non-combustible at the temperatures obtained by the fuel heat source during ignition and combustion. Suitable materials are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, for example: clays, metal oxides, such as iron oxide, alumina, titania, silica, silica-alumina, zirconia and ceria; zeolites, zirconium phosphate; and other ceramic materials or combinations thereof. Preferred coating materials from which the second barrier coating can be formed include clays, glass, aluminum, iron oxide and combinations thereof. If desired, catalytic ingredients such as ingredients that promote the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide can be incorporated into the second barrier coating. Suitable catalytic ingredients include, but are not limited to, for example, platinum, palladium, transition metals and their oxides;
    [0083] Second barrier coating may be formed from the same or different materials or materials such as the first gas-resistant, non-combustible barrier coating.
    [0084] Preferably, the second barrier coating has a thickness of between about 30 microns and about 200 microns, more preferably between about 30 microns and about 100 microns.
    [0085] The second barrier coating may be applied to the internal surface of at least one airflow channel of the fuel heat source by any appropriate method, such as the methods described in US-A-5,040,551. For example, the internal surface of each airflow channel can be sprayed, moistened or painted with a solution or a suspension of the second barrier coating. Alternatively, the second barrier coating can be provided by inserting a liner within one or more airflow channels. For example, a hollow gas-resistant tube can be inserted into each airflow channel.
    [0086] In a preferred mode, the second barrier coating is applied to the internal surface of at least one flow channel of the fuel heat source by the process described in WO-A2-2009 / 074870 as the fuel heat source is extruded.
    [0087] Optionally, the fuel heat source may comprise one or more, preferably up to and including six, longitudinal grooves that extend along part or all of the periphery of the fuel heat source. If desired, the fuel heat source may comprise at least one airflow channel and one or more longitudinal grooves.
    [0088] Fuel sources with opposite front and rear faces according to the invention having a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas resistant barrier covering provided substantially over the entire rear face thereof are particularly suitable for use in articles smoking of the type disclosed in WO-A-2009/022232. However, it will be appreciated that the fuel heat sources according to the invention can also be used in smoking articles having different constructions and compositions.
    [0089] Preferably, the fuel heat source and the aerosol forming substrate support each other.
    [0090] Preferably, the smoking articles according to the invention further comprise a heat conducting element around and in contact with a rear portion of the fuel heat source and an adjacent front portion of the aerosol forming substrate. The heat conducting element is preferably combustion-resistant and oxygen-limiting.
    [0091] Heat conducting elements suitable for use in the invention include, but are not limited to: sheet metal wraps such as, for example, aluminum sheet wraps, steel wraps, iron sheet wraps and sheet metal wraps. copper and metal alloy sheet wraps.
    [0092] Preferably, the rear portion of the combustible heat source surrounded by the heat conducting element is between about 2 mm and about 8 mm in length, more preferably between about 3 mm and about 5 mm in length.
    [0093] Preferably, the front portion of the combustible heat source not surrounded by the heat conducting element is between about 5 mm and about 15 mm in length, more preferably between about 6 mm and about and 8 mm in length.
    [0094] Preferably, the aerosol forming substrate extends at least about 3 mm downstream beyond the heat conducting element.
    [0095] Preferably, the aerosol-forming substrate is between about 5 mm and about 20 mm in length, more preferably between about 8 mm and about 12 mm. Preferably, the front portion of the aerosol-forming substrate surrounded by the heat conducting element is between about 2 mm and about 10 mm in length, more preferably between about 3 mm and about 8 mm in length, more preferably between about 4 mm and about 6 mm long. Preferably, the rear portion of the aerosol forming substrate surrounded by the heat conducting element is between about 3 mm and about 10 mm in length. In other words, the aerosol forming substrate preferably extends between about 3 mm and about 10 mm downstream beyond the heat conducting element. More preferably, the aerosol forming substrate extends at least about 4 mm downstream beyond the heat conducting element.
    [0096] Preferably, the aerosol forming substrates of smoking articles according to the invention comprise at least one aerosol former and a material capable of emitting volatile compounds in response to heating. Aerosols generated from the aerosol-forming substrates of smoking articles according to the invention may be visible or invisible and may include vapors (for example, fine particles of substances, which are in a gaseous state, which are commonly liquid or solids at room temperature) as well as gases and liquid droplets from condensed vapors.
    [0097] The at least one aerosol former can be any appropriate known compound or mixture of compounds which, in use, facilitates the formation of a dense and stable aerosol and which is substantially resistant to thermal degradation at the operating temperature of the smoking article. Suitable aerosol builders are well known in the art and include, for example, polyhydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohol esters, such as glycerol mono-, di- or triacetate, and aliphatic esters of mono-, di- or polycarboxylic acids, such such as dimethyl dodecanedioate and dimethyl tetradecanedioate. The preferred aerosol builders for use in the smoking articles according to the invention are polyhydric alcohols or mixtures thereof, such as triethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol and more preferred glycerin.
    [0098] Preferably, the material capable of emitting volatile compounds in response to heating is a charge of plant-based material, more preferably a charge of homogenized plant-based material. For example, the aerosol forming substrate may comprise one or more plant-derived materials including, but not limited to: tobacco, tea, for example, green tea; peppermint, bay leaf; basil; saves; verbena; and tarragon. The plant-based material may comprise additives including, but not limited to, humectants, flavorings, binders and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the plant-based material consists essentially of tobacco material, more preferably homogenized tobacco material.
    [0099] The smoking articles according to the invention preferably further comprise an expansion chamber downstream of the aerosol-forming substrate. The inclusion of an expansion chamber advantageously allows further cooling of the aerosol generated by the transfer of heat from the fuel heat source to the aerosol forming substrate. The expansion chamber also advantageously allows the total length of the smoking articles according to the invention to be adjusted to a desired value, for example, to a length similar to that of conventional cigarettes, through an appropriate choice of the length of the expansion chamber . Preferably, the expansion chamber is an elongated hollow tube.
    [00100] The smoking articles according to the invention may also further comprise a nozzle downstream of the aerosol-forming substrate and, where present, downstream of the expansion chamber. The nozzle may, for example, comprise a filter made of cellulose acetate, paper or other suitable known filtration materials. Preferably the nozzle is of low filtration efficiency, more preferably of very low filtration efficiency. Alternatively, or, in addition, the nozzle may comprise one or more segments comprising absorbents, adsorbents, flavorings, and other aerosol modifiers and additives that are used in conventional cigarette filters, or combinations thereof.
    [00101] The smoking articles according to the invention can be assembled using known methods and machinery.
    [00102] The invention will be described further, by way of example only, with reference to the attached drawing, in which:
    [00103] figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal cross section of a smoking article according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; and
    [00104] Figure 2 shows a graph of the temperature of the aerosol-forming substrate of a smoking article according to the first embodiment of the invention during combustion of the fuel's heat source thereof.
    [00105] The smoking article 2 shown in figure 1 comprises a carbonaceous heat source of fuel 4 according to the invention, an aerosol-forming substrate 6, an elongated expansion chamber 8 and a nozzle 10 in boundary coaxial alignment. The carbonaceous heat source of fuel 4, the aerosol-forming substrate 6, the elongated expansion chamber 8 and the nozzle 10 are wrapped in an outer wrapper of cigarette paper 12 of low air permeability.
    [00106] As shown in figure 1, a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating 14 is provided substantially across the rear face of the carbonaceous fuel heat source 4.
    [00107] The carbonaceous fuel heat source 4 comprises a central airflow channel 16 that extends longitudinally through the carbonaceous fuel heat source 4 and the first gas-resistant, non-combustible, non-metallic barrier coating 14. A second gas-resistant, heat-resistant barrier coating (not shown) is provided on the inner surface of the central airflow channel 16.
    [00108] The aerosol forming substrate 6 is located immediately downstream of the carbonaceous fuel heat source 4 and comprises a cylindrical plug of tobacco material 18 comprising glycerin as an aerosol former and circumscribed by the filter cap wrap 20.
    [00109] A heat conducting element 22 consisting of and an aluminum sheet tube surrounds and contacts a rear portion 4b of the carbonaceous fuel heat source 4 and a front portion 6a bordering the aerosol forming substrate 6. As shown in figure 1, a rear portion of the aerosol forming substrate 6 is not surrounded by the heat conductive element 22.
    [00110] The elongated expansion chamber 8 is located downstream of the aerosol forming substrate 6 and comprises a cylindrical cardboard open end tube 24. The nozzle 10 of the smoking article 2 is located downstream of the expansion chamber 8 and it comprises a cylindrical cellulose acetate cork plug 26 of very low filtration efficiency circumscribed by the filter plug wrap 28. The nozzle 10 can be circumscribed by the inflection paper (not shown).
    [00111] In use, the consumer ignites the carbonaceous heat source of fuel 4 and then draws air through the central airflow channel 16 downstream towards the nozzle 10. The front portion 6a of the aerosol forming substrate 6 it is first heated by conduction through the non-combustion rear portion 4b of the carbonaceous fuel heat source 4 and the heat conducting element 22. The extracted air is heated as it passes through the central air flow channel 16 of the carbonaceous heat source of fuel 4 and then heats the aerosol forming substrate 6 by convection. Heating of the aerosol-forming substrate 6 releases volatile and semi-volatile compounds and glycerin from the aerosol-forming substrate 18, which is introduced into the heated extracted air as it flows through the aerosol-forming substrate 18. The heated air and the introduced compounds pass downstream through the expansion chamber 8, cool and condense to form an aerosol that passes through the nozzle 10 into the consumer's mouth (close to room temperature).
    [00112] To assemble the smoking article 2, a rectangular piece of the heat conductive element 22 is glued to the cigarette paper 12. The carbonaceous fuel heat source 4, the aerosol forming substrate plug 6 and the expansion 8 are properly aligned and positioned on the cigarette paper 12 with the heat conductive element 22 attached. Cigarette paper 12 with the appropriate heat conducting element 22 is wrapped around the rear portion 4b of the carbonaceous fuel heat source 4, the aerosol forming substrate 6 and the expansion chamber 8 and glued together. The nozzle 10 is attached to the open end of the expansion chamber using known filter combination technology.
    [00113] The smoking articles according to the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in figure 1 having the dimensions shown in table 1 were assembled using carbonaceous fuel heat sources produced according to examples 1 and 6 below. EXAMPLE 1 - Preparation of fuel heat source
    [00114] Carbonaceous fuel heat sources according to the invention can be prepared as described in WO2009 / 074870 A2 or any other prior art which is known to those skilled in the art. An aqueous suspension, as described in WO2009 / 074870 A2, is preferably extruded through a die having a central die hole of circular cross section to make the fuel heat source. Preferably, the die hole is 8.7 mm in diameter to form cylindrical rods, preferably having a length of between about 20 cm and about 22 cm and a diameter of between about 9.1 cm and about 9.2 cm. A single longitudinal airflow channel can be formed on the cylindrical rods by a mandrel centrally mounted in the die hole. The mandrel preferably has a circular cross section with an outside diameter of approximately 2 mm or approximately 3.5 mm. Alternatively, three airflow channels can be formed on the cylindrical rods using three circular cross-section mandrels with an outside diameter of approximately 2 mm mounted at regular angles to the matrix hole. During the extrusion of the cylindrical rods, a clay-based coating suspension (made using clay, such as natural green clay) can be pumped through a feed passage extending through the center of the mandrel or mandrels to form a second coating of thin barrier of about 150 microns to about 300 microns on the inner surface of the channel or airflow channels. The cylindrical rods can be dried at a temperature of about 20oC to about 25oC below about 40% to about 50% relative humidity for between approximately 12 hours to approximately 72 hours and then pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere at about 750oC for approximately 240 minutes. After pyrolysis, the cylindrical rods can be cut and shaped to a defined diameter using a grinding machine to form individual carbonaceous heat sources for fuel. The stems after cutting and shaping are preferably about 11 mm long, about 7.8 mm in diameter and about 400 mg dry mass. The individual carbonaceous heat sources of fuel can subsequently be dried at about 130oC for approximately 1 hour. TABLE 1

    EXAMPLE 2 - Bentonite / Kaolinite Fuel Source Coating
    [00115] A first non-metallic barrier coating, non-combustible, resistant to bentonite / kaolinite gas can be provided on the rear face of a carbonaceous fuel heat source prepared as described in example 1 by dipping, brushing or spray coating. Immersion involves inserting the back face of the carbonaceous fuel heat source into a concentrated bentonite / kaolinite solution. Preferably, the bentonite / kaolinite solution for immersion contains 3.8% bentonite, 12.5% kaolinite and 83.7% H2O [w / w]. The back face of the carbonaceous fuel heat source is preferably dipped into the bentonite / kaolinite solution for about 1s and the meniscus left to disappear as a result of the solution penetrating into the carbon pores on the surface of the back face of the carbonaceous heat source of fuel. Brushing involves dipping a brush into a concentrated bentonite / kaolinite solution and applying the bentonite / kaolinite solution over the brush on the surface of the back face of the carbonaceous fuel heat source until it is covered. The bentonite / kaolinite brushing solution preferably contains 3.8% bentonite, 12.5% kaolinite and 83.7% H2O [w / w].
    [00116] After applying a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating by dipping or brushing, the carbonaceous fuel heat source can be dried in an oven at about 130oC for approximately 30 minutes and placed in a dissector below about 5% relative humidity overnight.
    [00117] The spray coating involves a suspension solution, preferably containing 3.6 bentonite, 18.0% kaolinite and 78.4% H2O [m / m] and having a viscosity of about 50 mPa.sa a shear rate of about 100 s-1 as measured with a rheometer (Physica MCR 300, coaxial cylinder arrangement). The spray coating can be done with a Sata MiniJet 3000 spray gun using 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm or 1 mm spray nozzles on an SMC E-MY2B linear actuator at a speed of about 10 mm / s about 100 mm / s. The following spray parameters can be used: sample gun distance 15 cm; sample speed 10 mm / s; spray nozzle 0.5 mm; flat spray jet and spray pressure 2.5 bar. In a single spray coating event, a coating thickness of about 11 microns is typically obtained. Spraying is preferably repeated three times. Between each spray coating, the carbonaceous fuel heat source is dried at room temperature for about 10 minutes. After the application of the first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating, the carbonaceous fuel heat source is preferably pyrolyzed at about 700oC for approximately 1 hour. EXAMPLE 3 - Coating of heat source of fuel with sintered glass
    [00118] The first non-metallic, non-combustible, glass gas-resistant barrier coating can be provided on the back face of a carbonaceous fuel heat source prepared as described in example 1 by spray coating. The glass spray coating can be carried out with a crushed glass suspension using a fine powder. For example, a spray coating suspension containing either 37.5% glass powder (3 pm), 2.5% methylcellulose and 60% water with a viscosity of 120 mPa.s, or 37.5% glass powder (3 pm), 3.0% bentonite powder, and 59.5% water with a viscosity of 60 to 100 mPa.s, can be used. The glass powder having the compositions and physical properties corresponding to Glass 1, 2, 3 and 4 in table 2 can be used.
    [00119] Spray coating can be done with a Sata MiniJet 3000 spray gun using, 5 mm, 0.8 mm or 1 mm spray nozzles on an SMC E-MY2B linear actuator at a speed of about 10 mm / s about 100 mm / s. The spraying is preferably repeated several times. After spraying is complete, the carbonaceous heat source of the fuel is preferably pyrolysed at about 700 ° C for approximately 1 hour.
    [00120] TABLE 2: Composition of glasses in percentage by weight, transformation temperature Tg, thermal expansion coefficient A20-300 and KI value calculated from the composition
    EXAMPLE 4. Methods for measuring smoke compounds Smoking conditions
    [00121] Conditions for smoking and smoking machine reports are described in ISO 3308 Standard (ISO 3308: 2000). The atmosphere for conditioning and testing is described in ISO Standard 3402. Phenols are trapped using filter pads. Quantitative determination of carbonyls in aerosols, including formaldehyde, acrolein, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde, is done by UPLC-MSMS. Quantitative measurement of phenolics such as catechol, hydroquinone and phenol is done by LC fluorescence. The carbon monoxide in the smoke is trapped using gas sampling bags and measured using a non-dispersive infrared analyzer as described in the ISO 8454 Standard (ISO 8454: 2007). Smoking regimes
    [00122] Cigarettes tested under a Health Canada smoking regimen are smoked over 12 puffs with a puff volume of 55 ml, puff duration of 2 s and a puff interval of 30 s. Cigarettes tested under an intense smoking regime are smoked over 20 puffs with a puff volume of 80 ml, a puff duration of 3.5 s and a puff interval of 23 s. EXAMPLE 5: High temperature protection and carbon monoxide reduction by back coating
    [00123] The smoking articles according to the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in figure 1 having a total length of 70 mm, were made manually. The smoking articles comprised a cylindrical carbonaceous fuel heat source with a single longitudinal airflow channel having an external diameter of 1.85 mm and a first non-combustible, non-combustible, gas-clay barrier coating made essentially as described in WO 2009/074870 A2 and example 1. The aerosol-forming substrate of the smoking articles was 10 mm in length and comprised approximately 60% by weight of flue-cured tobacco, approximately 10% by weight of tobacco oriental and approximately 20% by weight of tobacco cured in the sun. The heat conducting element of the smoking articles was 9 mm long, of which 4 mm covered the rear portion of the fuel heat source and 5 mm covered the adjacent front portion of the aerosol forming substrate. Except as noted in the description above in this example, the properties of the smoking articles conform to those listed in table 1 above. Smoking articles of the same construction, but without a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating were also made by hand for comparison.
    [00124] The temperature was measured on the aerosol-forming substrate when lighting the fuel heat source of a smoking article comprising a fuel heat source with a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating. clay and a smoking article comprising a fuel heat source without a first gas-resistant, non-combustible, non-metallic barrier coating. To measure the temperature, a thermocouple was inserted into the aerosol-forming substrate of the smoking articles as disclosed in patent application WO-A2-2009 / 022232. The results are summarized in figure 2 and show that during the first few seconds of ignition of the fuel heat source, the temperature in the aerosol forming substrate was much lower for the smoking article comprising a fuel heat source with a first non-metallic barrier coating, non-combustible, resistant to clay gas (shown by a dotted line in figure 2) compared to the smoking article comprising a fuel heat source without a first non-metallic, non-combustible, resistant barrier coating gas (shown by a solid line in figure 2). The release of total carbon monoxide from smoking articles was also measured under a Health Canada smoking regimen. The measured total carbon monoxide release for the smoking article comprising a fuel heat source without a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-gas-resistant barrier coating was 1.47 pg. The measured total carbon monoxide release for the smoking article comprising a fuel heat source with a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-gas-resistant barrier coating was only 0.97 pg. The provision of a first, non-combustible, non-combustible, clay gas-resistant barrier coating on the back face of the fuel heat source thus resulted in approximately a 35% reduction in the release of total carbon monoxide. EXAMPLE 6. Preparation of fuel source with ignition aid
    [00125] A carbonaceous fuel heat source comprising an ignition aid can be prepared by mixing 525 g of carbon powder, 225 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), 51.75 g of potassium citrate, 64 g of modified cellulose , 278 g of flour, 141.75 g of sugar and 21 g of corn oil with 579 g of deionized water to form an aqueous suspension, essentially as disclosed in WO2009 / 074870 A2. The aqueous suspension can then be extruded through a die having a central die hole of circular cross section with a diameter of about 8.7 mm to form cylindrical rods having a length of between about 20 cm and about 22 cm and a diameter of between about 9.1 mm and about 9.2 mm. A single longitudinal airflow channel can be formed on the cylindrical rods by a mandrel centrally mounted in the die hole. The mandrel preferably has a circular cross section with an outside diameter of approximately 2 mm or approximately 3.5 mm. Alternatively, three airflow channels can be formed on the cylindrical rods using three circular cross-section mandrels with an outside diameter of approximately 2 mm mounted at regular angles to the die hole. During the extrusion of the cylindrical rods, a coating suspension based on green clay can be pumped through a feed passage extending through the center of the mandrel to form a second thin barrier coating having a thickness of between about 150 microns and about 300 microns on the inner surface of the single longitudinal airflow channel. The cylindrical rods are preferably dried at between about 20oC and about 25oC below about 40% to about 50% relative humidity for between about 12 hours and about 72 hours and then pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere at about 750oC for approximately 240 minutes. After pyrolysis, the cylindrical rods can be cut and shaped to a defined diameter using a grinding machine to form individual carbonaceous heat sources of fuel having a length of about 11 mm, a diameter of about 7.8 mm, and a dry mass of about 400 mg. The individual carbonaceous heat sources of fuel can then be dried at about 130 ° for approximately 1 h and then placed in an aqueous solution of nitric acid having a concentration of 38 weight percent and saturated with potassium nitrate (KNO3 (. After approximately 5 minutes, the individual carbonaceous fuel heat sources are preferably removed from the solution and dried at about 130oC for approximately 1 hour. After drying, the individual carbonaceous fuel heat sources can be placed once more in an aqueous solution of nitric acid having a concentration of 38 weight percent and saturated with potassium nitrate (KNO3). After approximately 5 minutes, the individual carbonaceous heat sources of fuel can be removed from the solution and dried at about 130oC for approximately 1 hour, followed by drying at about 160oC for approximately 1 hour and finally drying at about 200oC during approximately and 1 hour. EXAMPLE 7. Smoke compounds from smoking articles with fuel heat sources with a first non-combustible barrier coating, resistant to clay or glass gas
    [00126] Cylindrical carbonaceous fuel heat sources comprising an ignition and prepared as described in example 6 with a single longitudinal airflow channel having a diameter of 1.85 mm and a second bentonite / kaolinite barrier coating, were provided with a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-gas-resistant barrier coating as described in example 2. In addition, cylindrical carbonaceous fuel heat sources comprising an ignition and as described in example 6 with an air flow channel single longitudinal air having a diameter of 1.85 mm and a second glass barrier coating, were provided with a first non-metallic barrier coating, non-combustible, resistant to sintered glass gas as described in example 3. In both cases , the length of the cylindrical carbonaceous fuel heat sources was 11 mm. The first non-combustible, non-combustible, gas-gas barrier coating preferably has a thickness of between about 50 microns or about 100 microns and the first non-combustible, non-combustible, glass gas-resistant barrier coating preferably has a thickness of about 20 microns, about 50 microns or about 100 microns. The smoking articles according to the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in figure 1 having a total length of 70 mm comprising the carbonaceous cylindrical fuel sources mentioned above were assembled by hand. The aerosol-forming substrate of the smoking articles was 10 mm long and comprised approximately 60% by weight of flue-cured tobacco, approximately 10% by weight of oriental tobacco and approximately 20% by weight of sun-cured tobacco. The heat conducting element of the smoking articles was 9 mm long, of which 4 mm covered the rear portion of the fuel heat source and 5 mm covered the adjacent front portion of the aerosol forming substrate. Except as noted in the description above in this example, the properties of the smoking articles have been conformed to those listed in table 1 above. Smoking articles of the same construction, but without a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-resistant barrier coating were also made by hand for comparison.
    [00127] The resulting smoking articles were smoked as described in example 5 under a Health Canada smoking regimen. Before smoking, the fuel heat sources of the smoking articles were lit using a regular yellow flame lighter. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein and propionaldehyde in the mainstream aerosol of smoking articles were measured as described in example 5. The results are summarized in table 3 below and show that carbonyls, such as acetaldehyde and especially formaldehyde, are significantly reduced in aerosols the mainstream of smoking articles comprising a fuel heat source with a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas resistant barrier coating compared to aerosols of the mainstream of smoking articles comprising a fuel heat source without a first coating non-metallic, non-combustible, gas resistant barrier.
    [00128] Example 5 above demonstrates the reduction of carbon monoxide by one embodiment of the invention. As can be seen from example 7, the provision of a substantially gas-resistant, non-metallic, first gas barrier coating substantially across the rear face of the fuel heat source according to the invention also surprisingly results in significantly formation reduction of carbonyl compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and phenolics, in the main stream aerosol. The examples described above illustrate, but do not limit the invention. Other modalities of this invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the same, and it should be understood that the specific examples and the modalities described in the present modality are not limiting.
    [00129] TABLE 3: Amount of carbonyls (micrograms per sample) measured in the mainstream aerosol under the Health Canada smoking regime for smoking articles comprising a carbonaceous fuel heat source (a) without a non-first barrier coating metallic, non-combustible, gas resistant, (b) with a first non-metallic, non-combustible, clay gas-resistant barrier coating and (c) with a first non-metallic, non-combustible, gas-glass barrier coating sintered.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. Smoking article (2), characterized by the fact that it comprises: a fuel heat source (4) with opposite front and rear faces and at least one airflow channel (16) extending from the face front to the rear face of the fuel heat source (4); and an aerosol forming substrate (6) comprising at least one aerosol former downstream of the fuel heat source (4), wherein a first gas-resistant, non-combustible, non-metallic barrier coating (14) is provided substantially over the entire rear face of the fuel heat source (4), and allows gas to be extracted through at least one airflow channel (16), a non-metallic barrier coating being a non-metallic barrier coating is formed primarily from an elemental metal or alloy, which is a barrier coating having an elemental metal or alloy content of less than 50 molar percent, where the first non-metallic, non-combustible, fire resistant barrier coating gas (14) covers substantially and is adhered to substantially the entire rear face of the fuel heat source (4).
    [0002]
    Smoking article (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first barrier coating (14) has a thickness of at least about 10 microns.
    [0003]
    Smoking article (2) according to claim 2, characterized in that the first barrier coating (14) is substantially impermeable to air.
    [0004]
    Smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first barrier coating comprises clay, glass or alumina.
    [0005]
    Smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fuel heat source (4) is a carbonaceous heat source.
    [0006]
    Smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fuel heat source (4) comprises an ignition aid.
    [0007]
    Smoking article (2) according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the ignition aid is an oxidizing agent.
    [0008]
    Smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a second gas-resistant, heat-resistant barrier coating is provided on the inner surface of at least one flow channel of air (16).
    [0009]
    Smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the second barrier coating is substantially impermeable to air.
    [0010]
    Smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the aerosol forming substrate (6) comprises material based on homogenized tobacco.
    [0011]
    Smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises: a heat conducting element (22) around and in contact with a rear portion (4b) of the source of fuel heat (4) and an adjacent front portion (6a) of the aerosol forming substrate (6).
    [0012]
    Smoking article (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it further comprises: an expansion chamber (8) downstream of the aerosol forming substrate (6).
    [0013]
    13. Smoking article (2) according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that it further comprises: a mouthpiece (10) downstream of the expansion chamber (8).
    [0014]
    14. Fuel heat source (4) with opposite front and rear faces for use in a smoking article (2), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, the fuel heat source (4) characterized by the fact of which it comprises: at least one airflow channel (16) extending from the front face to the rear face of the fuel heat source (4) and a first non-metallic, non-combustible, fire-resistant barrier coating gas (14) substantially over the entire rear face of the fuel heat source (4) which allows gas to be extracted through at least one airflow channel (16), a non-metallic barrier coating being a barrier that is not formed primarily from an elemental metal or alloy, which is a barrier coating having an elemental metal or alloy content of less than 50 molar percent, where the first non-metallic, non-combustible barrier coating , resistant to gas (14) covers substantially and is adhered to substantially the entire rear face of the fuel heat source (4).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2013072336A1|2013-05-23|
    RU2014123692A|2015-12-27|
    BR112014009377A2|2017-04-18|
    EP2779848B1|2019-04-03|
    IN2014DN02191A|2015-05-15|
    KR20140093659A|2014-07-28|
    KR102064798B1|2020-01-10|
    CN103889254B|2018-02-09|
    IL232045D0|2014-05-28|
    UA117093C2|2018-06-25|
    TWI592101B|2017-07-21|
    TW201325479A|2013-07-01|
    CA2849874C|2020-03-31|
    JP6126618B2|2017-05-10|
    EP2779848A1|2014-09-24|
    AU2012338902A1|2014-06-19|
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    法律状态:
    2018-03-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-13| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-08-25| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 14/11/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP11250893.2|2011-11-15|
    EP11250893|2011-11-15|
    PCT/EP2012/072557|WO2013072336A1|2011-11-15|2012-11-14|Smoking article comprising a combustible heat source with a rear barrier coating|
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